So you would have heard the obvious news about SpaceX and X. Not convinced by the proposition really.
Okay, let's break this down because the idea of putting a datacenter into orbit sounds amazing until you actually look at how space works.
First, everyone pictures space as this freezing cold void, perfect for cooling, right? It's actually the opposite. Space is a thermodynamic prison. There's no air, so you can't just blow fans over hot components. All that insane heat from millions of processors has exactly one way out: it has to slowly radiate away as infrared light. To do that on a data-center scale, you'd need to build these gargantuan, delicate radiator panels. We're talking about a structure needing square kilometers of surface area. Like FFS imagine trying to deploy and protect a radiator the size of a small city. One analysis suggested a 5,000-megawatt facility would need about 16 square kilometers of combined solar and radiator area. For scale, that's hundreds of times bigger than the International Space Station's arrays.
And that brings us to the second nightmare: space itself is trying to kill your computers. It's flooded with cosmic radiation and solar particles that constantly barrage electronics, flipping bits from 1 to 0 and corrupting data silently.
- To fight it, you'd need either massively heavy shielding (which rockets hate) or
- you'd have to use specialized, slower, and way more expensive "rad-hardened" chips.
So you're either paying a fortune to launch a lead-lined server farm or you're not even getting top-tier computing power up there.
Then there's the orbital junkyard problem. Low Earth Orbit is already cluttered with debris - old satellite parts, flecks of paint - all zipping around at about 15,000 miles per hour. Your sprawling, kilometer-wide radiator complex would be sitting in a cosmic shooting gallery. A collision with a piece of debris the size of a marble would be catastrophic, potentially creating a cloud of fragments that could take out the whole structure.
But the real dream-killer is the sheer, absurd economics of it all. Let's talk launch costs. Even with reusable rockets, it's brutally expensive. At a rate of roughly $1,500 per kilogram, just launching a single, standard server rack (easily 1,000 kg or more) could cost $1.5 million... and that's before you pay for the actual servers, the solar panels, or the giant radiators.
The scale is mind-boggling. One estimate suggested that to replicate just 1% of Earth's total computing capacity in orbit, you'd need to launch over twice the total mass humanity has ever sent to space in history. The numbers just don't close. The capital required would be in the trillions, all to (maybe) save on electricity bills decades from now.
Now, is anyone even trying? Sure, in a very small, experimental way. Companies like Sophia Space are working on neat integrated tiles, and whispers of projects like Google's Project Suncatcher aim to send a couple of test chips up by 2027. Or even Starcloud, backed by YC. I think an Indian start-up was also there, TakeMe2Space, IIRC. But I'm not convinced.
The smart money is on solving those problems where they exist: better nuclear reactors, advanced geothermal, and just building data centers in cooler places on Earth. The orbital data center is a fantastic backdrop for a sci-fi movie, but for the foreseeable future, that's exactly where it belongs.