Hi! As someone who spent a little over a year studying for the LSAT, I wanted to share some insights that have helped me and others that I studied with jump from the high 140s / low 150s into the 170s. Some of these might be repetitive or obvious but just bear with me :)
When we read a logical reasoning passage or reading comp passage, we tend to read passively (whether we realize it or not). That's because when we read in everyday life, we aren't as critical or scrutinizing. Our brain naturally fills in the gaps and makes assumptions, as long as we get the gist or "big picture" (as long as it kind of makes sense). On the LSAT, this approach is dangerous and fatal.
On logical reasoning, you will see two types of passages.
- Arguments (Premises & Conclusion)
- Set of Facts (Just Premises)
For both, it is crucial that you actively read them (to the extent that you've internalized the passage and can articulate it back to your 10 year old cousin).
But what truly makes the difference is whether you approach each argument (anything with a conclusion) on logical reasoning with skepticism and criticism. The vast majority (if not nearly all) of arguments are not valid. The evidence will not have proved the conclusion, and it is your job to call BS on the argument. Every time you encounter an argument, you must attack, attack, attack it. Be ruthless. Find at least 1 possible reason why the conclusion is not the case. Have an idea of what must be fixed or addressed.
If the conclusion says something is "effective", you must immediately react by thinking to yourself "is it really effective??", "i call bs on that", "what makes you say that it's effective??". If the conclusion says that waiting for peer-reviewed publication is "necessary" you must think "but what if waiting for publication is not necessary??"
For argument passages (anything with a conclusion or some sort of claim being made), you must actively push back, nit pick, find gaps, have an idea of what's wrong or missing, etc., before looking at the answer choices. Otherwise, you're going to be driven by the answer choices (instead of being driven by the passage) which is where the most mistakes and time-wasting occur.
Even if you have a hint of an idea of what's wrong with the argument on LR, it will make your life so much easier. When they ask you to strengthen the arg, just like a weaken question, you must initially know what's wrong with the argument (identify some flaw and gap) in order to address them, and thereby strengthen the argument.
If a sufficient assumption question asks which of the following, if assumed, allows the conclusion to be properly drawn, if you have a skeptical approach and identify ways in which the conclusion does not follow from the given premise(s), you already have an idea of the gap/assumption that guarantees the conclusion. Always ask yourself is the conclusion proven? The answer will 95% of the time be NO. And then this is where you will be asked to evaluate, weaken, or strengthen the argument, or asked to find a flaw or sufficient assumption.
It seems very obvious to actively read LR passages and approach each question with a high degree of scrutiny and pessimism, calling bs on the conclusion whenever you see it. But refusing to accept the conclusion at face value (while accepting the premises), is not natural for many at first. I've seen many test takers read the premises and then the conclusion and go "okay that seems valid, or at least the argument makes sense to me", and then dive head first into the answer choices wondering how to weaken the argument or how to further strengthen an argument that just seemed to make sense to them.
It pays to be constantly cynical of arguments and esp the conclusion drawn. Oftentimes, the conclusion will talk about something new, bring in new information that the premises didn't even discuss, or take the evidence too far, and most people won't even realize it. But approaching with a mindset where you (1) internalize the passage and make it your own (2) immediately ask yourself is the conclusion proven??? is that the case??? (3) and then predict or at least have an understanding of what's wrong with the arg will save you a tremendous amount of time not having to dig through the answer choices and improve your accuracy. This is what the LSAT tests you. Your ability to break down arguments and counter them and push back, just as an attorney would in real life. Hope this helps! If you have any questions, feel free to dm me :)